Fibonacci arcs & retracements help anticipate support and resistance levels along with price targets.

Overview

After making long sustained moves in one direction, many markets retrace a part of the move before continuing on further. The Fibonacci indicator, popularized by Ralph Nelson Elliot, is used to try and forecast potential support levels and price targets, based on the height of the overall move and any wave patterns.

For example, if a stock increased from $5 to $10 and then slipped back 50%, this retracement would take it to $7.50 before it continued upwards again.

This indicator uses mathematical ratios discovered by Leonardo Fibonacci's in the 12th century. The Fibonacci summation series is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144... and so on to infinity. Interestingly, these numbers have the following constant relationships:

• The sum of any two consecutive numbers equals the next higher number.
• The ratio between any number and the next higher number approaches 0.618 after the first four calculations.
• The ratio between any number and the next lower number is approximately 1.618 (the inverse of 0.618).

The number 1.618 is commonly referred to as the Golden Mean or the Golden Section. The real value of this number series is that it is "the most important mathematical presentation of natural phenomena ever discovered" (R. Fischer). It keeps popping up in everything from the proportions of the Egyptian pyramids... the number of florets in flower heads... the double helix of the DNA molecule... to the logarithmic spiral of the nautilus shell.

(The well-known Elliot Wave Principle is also based on the application of Fibonacci numbers to the waves evident in any price chart.)

The most commonly used numbers in this analysis are 61.8% (usually rounded off to 62%), 38% and 50%. This means that, in a strong trend, the minimum retracement is usually close to the 38% level and may go as far as the 62% level.

Constance Brown, a well known technical analyst, has written, "If the market has shown respect in the past to a Fibonacci grid drawn on the chart, the chances are much higher that it will also respect those levels in the future market action."

Fibonacci Retracements

Fibonacci Arcs

Fibonacci arcs can be added to the same chart, or they can be charted alone. The arcs are drawn centered on the last peak or trough, crossing the original trendline at the points where the retracement lines intersect. The price will tend to "react" to both the arcs and the retracement levels, as they provide support and resistance.

Price Targets

More advanced studies can also be undertaken, based on the Fibonacci numbers, to develop price targets. One such approach is to add a second copy of the original Fibonacci grid above or below the first (depending on which way the market is trending). This will give you potential price targets based on adding a new set of 38%, 50% and 62% lines.

If you would like to read more about Fibonacci price projections see Constance Brown's book, Technical Analysis for the Trading Professional and Joe DiNapoli's Trading with DiNapoli Levels.

Also see the Elliot Wave Theory. Much more advanced studies are available when the Fibonacci numbers are combined with the Elliot Wave count.